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1.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá (En línea) ; 10(1): 165-177, 2023. tab, ilust
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1552762

ABSTRACT

We report a case of constrictive pericarditis due to extrapulmonary tuberculosis associated with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus, complicated by cardiac tamponade that required surgical intervention in a drug user patient. The importance of early diagnosis and management is widely highlighted


El artículo presenta un caso de pericarditis constrictiva secundaria a tuberculosis extrapulmonar en un paciente con prueba positiva para virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) consumidor de sustancias psicoactivas, quien durante la hospitalización desarrolló un taponamiento cardíaco con requerimiento de intervención quirúrgica. Se plantea la discusión de la importancia de cada una de las pruebas solicitadas y el manejo adecuado en pacientes con dichas patologías


O artigo apresenta um caso de pericardite constritiva secundária à tuberculose extrapulmonar em paciente com teste positiva para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e usuário de substâncias psicoativas que, durante a internação, desenvolveu tamponamento cardíaco com necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica. Discute-se a importância de cada um dos exames solicitados e o manejo ade-quado de pacientes com essas patologias


Subject(s)
Pericarditis, Constrictive , Cardiac Tamponade , HIV , Immunosuppression Therapy , Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary
2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529451

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death by infectious diseases worldwide. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a growing problem, especially in countries with high TB prevalence. Although the lungs are the organs most frequently affected by this disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can harm any organ, including the urogenital tract, causing extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which leads to a challenging diagnosis and consequent treatment delays. In this article, we present a case of orchiepididymitis caused by multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) with a significantly delayed diagnosis, the proposed treatment according to the resistance profile, and the clinical outcomes.

3.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 74(2): e768, May.-Aug. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408905

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La coinfección del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y la tuberculosis ha alterado su presentación histológica, esto es particularmente frecuente en las linfadenitis. Objetivos: Realizar la caracterización etiológica de linfadenopatías producidas por el género Mycobacterium, destacar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad para evitar diseminación de la infección, tanto en pacientes inmunocompetentes como inmunodeficientes, específicamente con VIH/sida. Método: Se realizó estudio descriptivo-prospectivo entre enero de 2017 y enero de 2019. Durante este período se recibieron 5640 muestras, de estas 81 obtenidas a partir de tejido ganglionar; la toma de muestra mayoritariamente fue quirúrgica 74 (91,35 por ciento) y 7 (8,64 por ciento) por biopsia aspirativa (BAAF). Del total de muestras, 60 (74,07 por ciento) procedían de pacientes con VIH/sida, las muestras se descontaminaron por el método de ácido sulfúrico al 4 por ciento, se cultivaron en medio sólido Löwenstein-Jensen e incubaron a 37°C. Se realizaron lecturas semanalmente. Para identificar Mycobacterium tuberculosis se realizó la prueba rápida comercial inmunocromatográfica SD TB AgMPT64. Resultados: De 81 muestras analizadas se obtuvieron 22 (27,16 por ciento) aislamientos, 16 (72,72 por ciento) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, y 6 (27,27 por ciento) de especies no tuberculosas. De estas, 18 (81,81 por ciento) procedían de pacientes con VIH/sida. Conclusión: Por todo lo antes expuesto es importante la vigilancia diagnóstica en este tipo de infección extrapulmonar, tanto para M. tuberculosis como para otras especies no tuberculosas y poder comenzar tempranamente el tratamiento específico evitando la diseminación de la infección, pues esta puede tener consecuencias fatales, sobre todo en pacientes con algún tipo de inmunosupresión, como aquellos con VHI/sida. Si un paciente mantiene fiebre prolongada, con linfadenopatías, sin síntomas respiratorios y no responde a los tratamientos con antibióticos, es necesario pensar en este tipo de infección(AU)


Introduction: The coinfection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis has altered its histological presentation; this is particularly frequent in lymphadenitis. Objective: To carry out the etiological characterization of lymphadenopathies produced by the genus Mycobacterium, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis of this disease to avoid dissemination of the infection, both in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients, specifically HIV / AIDS. Methods: A descriptive-prospective study was carried out between January 2017 - January 2019. During this period, 5640 samples were received, of these 81 obtained from lymph node tissue, the sample collection was mostly surgical 74 (91.35 percent) and 7 (8.64 percent) by aspiration biopsy (BAAF). Of the total samples, 60 (74.07 percent) were from HIV / AIDS patients, the samples were decontaminated by the 4 percent sulfuric acid method and cultured in solid Löwenstein-Jensen medium and incubated at 370C, the readings were made weekly. For the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the commercial SD TB AgMPT64 immunochromatographic rapid test was performed. Results: Of 81 samples analyzed, 22 (27.16 percent) isolates were obtained, 16 (72.72 percent) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and 6 (27.27 percent) of non-tuberculous species, of these 18 (81.81%) were from HIV / AIDS patients. Conclusion: For all the above, diagnostic surveillance is important in this type of extrapulmonary infection, both for M tuberculosis and for other non-tuberculous species and to be able to start specific treatment early, avoiding the spread of the infection, since it can have fatal consequences on all in patients with some type of immunosuppression, such as HIV/AIDS. If a patient maintains a prolonged fever, with lymphadenopathy, without respiratory symptoms and does not respond to antibiotic treatment, it is necessary to consider this type of infection(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Early Diagnosis , Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies
4.
Rev. venez. cir. ortop. traumatol ; 54(1): 25-29, jun 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1516073

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis extra pulmonar osteoarticular es una entidad infrecuente (16%), y aquellas de compromiso extravertebral son a su vez muy infrecuentes. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 68 años de edad, con hipertensión arterial sistémica y enfermedad renal crónica, que presenta aproximadamente 1 año de evolución tórpida con dolor en retropié izquierdo, empeorando luego de infiltración con esteroide, con aumento de volumen, limitación funcional, y lesión ulcerosa con exudado purulento en cara medial. Siendo evaluado de forma clínica y con estudios de imagen por diferentes facultativos, hasta realizar toma de biopsia y cultivo óseo con diagnóstico de Tuberculosis ósea en calcáneo izquierdo. Tratado de manera quirúrgica, y actualmente cumpliendo tratamiento antituberculoso, con evolución satisfactoria recuperando movilidad articular, sin dolor y disminución del volumen de retropié(AU)


Osteoarticular extrapulmonary tuberculosis is a rare entity (16%), and those with extravertebral involvement are in turn very rare. We present the clinical case of a 68-years-old male patient with systemic arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease, who presents approximately 1 year of torpid evolution with pain in the left hindfoot, worsening after steroid infiltration, with increased volume, limitation functional, and ulcerative lesion with purulent exudate on the medial side. He was being evaluated clinically and with imaging studies by different doctors, until taking a biopsy and bone culture with a diagnosis of Bone Tuberculosis in the left calcaneus. Surgically treated, and currently undergoing antituberculous treatment, with satisfactory evolution recovering joint mobility, without pain and decrease in rearfoot volume(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/pathology , Calcaneus , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
5.
CES med ; 36(1): 68-75, ene.-abr. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384220

ABSTRACT

Resumen La tuberculosis es una infección que afecta a millones de personas en el mundo cada año, provocando una alta carga de morbimortalidad. La localización pulmonar corresponde a más del 80 % de los casos. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento aún representa un desafío para los clínicos, especialmente en sus localizaciones extrapulmonares. Presentamos un caso de tuberculosis de muñeca izquierda, la cual fue diagnosticada con biopsia de hueso y tratada de forma exitosa con cuatro drogas por seis meses.


Abstract Tuberculosis is an infection that affects millions of people worldwide every year, causing a high burden of morbidity and mortality. The pulmonary localization accounts for more than 80 % of the cases. Its diagnosis and treatment still represent a challenge for clinicians, especially for its extrapulmonary presentations. We present the case of a patient with tuberculosis of the left wrist, which was diagnosed with bone biopsy and successfully treated with four drugs during six months.

6.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 74(1): e678, ene.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408901

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas de más amplia distribución en el mundo y constituye una de las primeras causas de muerte de pacientes con sida, especialmente en países pobres. La forma extrapulmonar de la tuberculosis varía entre el 15 al 30 % de los casos; de estas, la forma pélvica representa tan solo del 6 al 10 %, y la afectación ovárica es aún más rara. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente colombiana, quien manifestó un cuadro de dos semanas de cambios del comportamiento y posterior alteración de la consciencia, y a quien se realizó el diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Durante su evolución se documentó infección extrapulmonar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis con compromiso meníngeo y ovárico. Se inició tratamiento contra la tuberculosis meníngea con un esquema de isoniazida (H), rifampina (R), etambutol (E) y pirazinamida (Z) y esteroide, según el protocolo, y se realizó salpingooforectomía más la resección de la masa anexial del ovario derecho. Se continuó con el tratamiento instaurado previamente contra la tuberculosis. La paciente evolucionó de forma satisfactoria, y fue dada de alta tras 134 días de hospitalización(AU)


Tuberculosis is one of the most widely distributed infectious diseases in the world and is one of the leading causes of death in AIDS patients, especially in low-income countries. The extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis varies between 15 to 30% of all cases, of these, the pelvic form represents only 6 to 10%, with ovarian involvement even rarer. We describe the case of a patient from southwestern Colombia, who presents with two-week symptoms of behavioral disturbances and altered consciousness, a diagnosis of infection by human immunodeficiency virus was made, during her evolution extrapulmonary infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with meningeal and ovarian involvement was documented(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans
7.
Acta méd. colomb ; 47(1): 15-21, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374098

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: la tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas de mayor distribución mundial y la tuberculosis meníngea es una de sus manifestaciones más devastadoras. Su diagnóstico y confirmación microbiológica no siempre es fácil. Objetivo: describir la experiencia en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis meníngea por pruebas moleculares comparado con cultivo, caracterizando las principales manifestaciones clínicas y determinar los factores asociados a mortalidad. Métodos: identificamos retrospectivamente a los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de tuberculosis meníngea, mediante técnicas de pruebas moleculares y/o cultivo para M. tuberculosis, que ingresaron en nuestra institución entre enero de 2018 y marzo de 2020, se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Se excluyeron mujeres gestantes, pacientes que no contaran con prueba molecular para M. tuberculosis. Resultados: se obtuvo una muestra de 33 pacientes, los hallazgos más relevantes en el citoquímico de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fue la presencia de hipoglucorraquia, con una mediana de 34.2 mg/dL (RIQ 2.0-95.0 mg/dL) y de hiperproteinorraquia, con mediana de 265 mg/dL (RIQ 24.0-600 mg/dL). El resultado más significativo fue la presencia de proteína C reactiva elevada en suero en todos los casos, con una mediana de 53.3 mg/L (RIQ 22.9-89.6 mg/L) y neutrofilia en 75.8% (25). La mortalidad fue de 54.5% (18), la sensibilidad de la prueba molecular en LCR fue del 38.46% y el valor predictivo positivo de 58.82%. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de TB meníngea sigue siendo todo un reto, aunque las pruebas moleculares pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico temprano, su sensibilidad es baja en formas extrapul-monares. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2115).


Abstract Introduction: tuberculosis is one of the most widely disseminated infectious diseases worldwide, and meningeal tuberculosis is one of its most devastating manifestations. Its diagnosis and microbiological confirmation is not always easy. Objective: to describe the experience in diagnosing meningeal tuberculosis through molecular tests compared to a culture, characterize the main clinical manifestations, and determine factors associated with mortality. Methods: we retrospectively identified adult patients diagnosed with meningeal tuberculosis through molecular and/or culture tests for M. tuberculosis who were admitted to our institution between January 2018 and March 2020. A descriptive analysis was performed. Pregnant women and patients who did not have a molecular test for M. tuberculosis were excluded. Results: a sample of 33 patients was obtained. The most relevant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytochemical analysis findings were low glucose, with a median of 34.2 mg/dL (IQR 2.0-95.0 mg/ dL) and high protein, with a median of 265 mg/dL (IQR 24.0-600 mg/dL). The most significant result was elevated serum C-reactive protein in all cases, with a median of 53.3 mg/L (IQR 22.9 -89.6 mg/L) and neutrophilia in 75.8% (25). Mortality was 54.5% (18), the sensitivity of the CSF molecular test was 38.46% and the positive predictive value was 58.82%. Conclusions: the diagnosis of meningeal TB continues to be a challenge. While molecular tests can help provide an early diagnosis, their sensitivity is low in extrapulmonary forms. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2115).

8.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine ; (12): 143-152, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-951045

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the number of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Iran has increased. The goal of this study was to determine the epidemiological status, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Iran, with a focus on tuberculosis meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. Between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2021, 1 651 cases of tuberculosis meningitis and miliary tuberculosis were discovered in Iran. The prevalence of tuberculosis meningitis was higher in Sistan and Baluchestan, South Khorasan, and Mazandaran compared with other provinces. The most prevalent symptoms of tuberculous meningitis were fever, anorexia, headache, neck stiffness, loss of consciousness, and vomiting. The most commonly used procedures for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis were polymerase chain reaction and cerebrospinal fluid culture. The most prevalent clinical symptoms of miliary tuberculosis were fever, lethargy, weariness, and anorexia. In 70% of chest radiographs, a miliary pattern was visible. Bone marrow biopsy was used to diagnose miliary tuberculosis in 80% of patients, while bronchoalveolar lavage was used in 20% of cases. The conventional 6-month treatment approach for tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis was used for all of the participants in the investigations. Given the high prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Iran and the devastating consequences of the disease, the researchers recommend that further study be done to prevent extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the general population.

9.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360800

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This prospective study describes the use of Gene-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children and adolescents, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighteen patients were studied; the final diagnosis of EPTB was established in 13 (72%). Gene-Xpert Ultra results showed detection in 10/13 (77%) of EPTB cases (7 of these 10 with trace-positive results). Gene-Xpert Ultra proved to be a promising method for the diagnosis of childhood EPTB.

10.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 93(3): e1103, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1347540

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La tuberculosis osteoarticular es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, muy rara con un cuadro clínico atípico y se presenta con una incidencia de 1-2 por ciento del total de los casos de tuberculosis. Objetivo: Exponer una forma de presentación poco frecuente de tuberculosis en Honduras Presentación del caso: Se trata de una niña de dos años con diagnóstico inicial de sinovitis en rodilla derecha de cinco meses de evolución y tratada con antibiótico y analgésico. Sin mejoría se presenta a emergencia con cambios inflamatorios. Se realiza rayos x de rodilla que muestran lesiones osteolíticas a nivel de rótula y cóndilo del fémur derecho. Baciloscopia de esputo y prueba de tuberculina negativas. Familiar de tercer grado positivo para tuberculosis hacía un año y medio. Por biopsia de tejido blando y óseo de rodilla derecha se establece el diagnóstico de artritis por Mycobacterium tuberculosis por estudio inmuno-histoquimico con tinción Ziehl Nielsen. Conclusiones: Es el primer informe de caso de tuberculosis osteoarticular en un paciente pediátrico descrito en Honduras. Por la larga evolución de la enfermedad, lo atípico de su clínica y su baja incidencia es difícil establecer el diagnóstico final. Fue imprescindible el estudio anatomopatológico por biopsia que permitiera esclarecer a los clínicos el diagnóstico e iniciar el tratamiento oportuno(AU)


Introduction: Osteoarticular tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, very rare, and with an atypical clinical picture and occurs with an incidence of 1-2 percent of all TB cases. Objective: Show a rare form of TB´s presentation in Honduras Case presentation: Two-year-old girl with an initial diagnosis of right knee synovitis of five months of evolution and treated with antibiotics and analgesics. Without improvement, she attends to emergencies service with inflammatory changes. Knee x-rays show osteolytic lesions at the kneecap level and the condyle of the right femur. Sputum bacilloscopy and negative tuberculin test were performed. She had a third-grade relative positive to tuberculosis a year and a half ago. A right knee soft tissue and bone biopsies confirm the diagnosis of arthritis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by immuno-histochemical study with Ziehl Nielsen staining. Conclusions: It is the first osteoarticular TB case report in a pediatric patient described in Honduras. Because of the long evolution of the disease, the atypicalness of its clinic features and its low incidence, it is difficult to establish the final diagnosis. Anatomopathological study by biopsy was essential to clarify the diagnosis to clinicians and initiate timely treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Synovitis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/epidemiology , Biopsy/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/cytology , Research Report
11.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 8(3): 1-7, sept. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292574

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad granulomatosa, con espectro clínico variable. El objetivo es presentar un caso con tuberculosis miliar, una de las formas clínicas menos frecuente de la enfermedad y la utilización del método clínico proporcionó el diagnóstico certero. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 54 años, no fumador, alcohólico atendido en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras por referir historia de tos poco productiva, cefalea, fiebre, pérdida de apetito y de peso de dos meses de evolución. En la radiografía y tomografía de tórax se evidencia un patrón miliar y la baciloscopía directa confirma la presencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La TB miliar es muy poco frecuente, pero se puede sospechar ante un patrón radiológico miliar y confirmar mediante análisis microbiológico.


Tuberculosis is a granulomatous disease with a variable clinical spectrum. The objective is to present a case with miliar tuberculosis, one of the least frequent clinical forms of the disease, and the use of the clinical method provided an accurate diagnosis. We present a 54-year-old male, non-smoker, alcoholic who attended in the Ameijeiras Brothers Surgical Clinical Hospital for referring to a history of unproductive cough, headache, fever, loss of appetite, and weight two months of evolution. Chest X-ray and CT showed a miliar pattern and direct bacilloscopy confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Miliar TB is very rare but can be suspected by a miliar radiological pattern and confirmed by microbiological analysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tuberculosis, Miliary/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
12.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 44(1): 96-98, jun. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286580

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis abdominal es una patología infrecuente, cursa con un cuadro clínico inespecífico y múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales. Debe considerarse como posibilidad diagnóstica en lugares con alta prevalencia de tuberculosis pulmonar de lo contrario puede ser diferido en el tiempo condicionando un diagnósco y tratamiento tardíos. Los estudios de imagen, en manos experimentados, pueden orientar hacia el diagnostico. El artículo descrito presenta un cuadro infrecuente e inespecífico de tuberculosis abdominal como causa de abdomen agudo.


Abdominal tuberculosis is an infrequent pathology, it presents with a nonspecific clinical picture and multiple differential diagnoses. It should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in places with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis; otherwise, it may be delayed in time, conditioning a late diagnosis and treatment. Imaging studies in experienced hands can guide the diagnosis. The described article presents an infrequent and nonspecific picture of abdominal tuberculosis as a cause of acute abdomen


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis
13.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 36(supl.1): 30-36, abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251543

ABSTRACT

Resumen La tuberculosis es una enfermedad de importancia en la salud pública a nivel mundial, con una alta incidencia a nivel del territorio colombiano. Principalmente, afecta el parénquima pulmonar; sin embargo, en un porcentaje elevado de casos se diagnostica en su forma extrapulmonar y el tracto gastrointestinal es uno de los sitios más frecuentes. Así mismo, la región ileocecal y el íleon terminal son las regiones con más predilección por la bacteria Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Las manifestaciones en esta rara presentación de la enfermedad están dadas por dolor abdominal y sensación de masa principalmente, lesiones ulcerosas en la mucosa intestinal y hallazgos histológicos correspondientes a granulomas caseificantes de gran tamaño y de morfología confluente, que se diferencian de otras entidades como la enfermedad de Crohn. La búsqueda de la enfermedad dentro del tracto gastrointestinal se realiza con ayuda de métodos invasivos como la colonoscopia y de ayudas diagnósticas de laboratorio como cultivos, tinciones o reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Dada la complejidad en el diagnóstico de esta forma de tuberculosis, el conocimiento y la manera en que se aborda un paciente con un cuadro sugestivo de esta enfermedad son factores importantes para establecer el manejo terapéutico oportuno. Se comparte un caso inusual de tuberculosis ileocecal como manifestación de síndrome febril prolongado con desenlace fatal.


Abstract Tuberculosis is a disease of public health importance worldwide with a high incidence in Colombia. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma. However, in a large number of cases, it is diagnosed in its extrapulmonary form, with the gastrointestinal tract being one of the most frequent sites. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a strong predilection for the ileocecal region and the terminal ileum. Manifestations of this rare form of the disease are abdominal pain and mass sensation mainly, as well as ulcerative lesions in the intestinal mucosa and histological findings corresponding to large caseating granulomas of confluent morphology, which distinguish it from other entities such as Crohn's disease. Invasive procedures, such as colonoscopy, and diagnostic laboratory aids, such as cultures, stains, and PCR, are used to find the disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the difficulty of diagnosing this type of tuberculosis, knowledge and how a patient with symptoms suggestive of the disease is approached are critical factors for establishing timely treatment. The following is an unusual case of ileocecal TB as a manifestation of prolonged febrile illness with a fatal outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Bacteria , Colonoscopy , Fatal Outcome , Laboratories
14.
Acta méd. colomb ; 46(1): 42-44, ene.-mar. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1278155

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: la apendicitis es la emergencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente, pero la tuberculosis como agente etiológico hace especial este caso, debido a su muy baja frecuencia entre 0.1 y 0.6%, su hallazgo incidental nos orienta a buscar otros órganos comprometidos y a iniciar tratamiento específico, este es el primer reporte de caso en nuestra región. Reporte de caso: mujer de 33 años, con antecedentes de insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, en tratamiento con fludrocortisona, quien consultó por presentar dolor en cuadrante inferior derecho abdominal, picos febriles y episodios eméticos, lo anterior asociado a biometría hemática con leucocitosis más desviación a la izquierda, uroanálisis patológico, se sospecha infección del tracto urinario, iniciando antibioticoterapia sin obtener mejoría, por lo que se evalúa por cirugía general que considera abdomen agudo de origen en apendicitis, realizando abordaje quirúrgico con posterior estudio histopatológico que sugiere inflamación granulomatosa caseificante compatible con tuberculosis, con la consecuente demostración de BAAR mediante tinción de Ziehl Neelsen. Conclusión: la tuberculosis extrapulmonar tiene presentaciones clínicas diversas, por lo tanto, debemos mantener sospecha ante manifestaciones atípicas de la patología, la apendicitis aguda tuberculosa, generalmente se da en el contexto de un paciente inmunosuprimido y su diagnóstico etiológico es realizado en el posoperatorio, por lo tanto, es indispensable vigilar y revisar el resultado de la biopsia y las tinciones que nos permitan realizar tratamientos específicos.


Abstract Introduction: appendicitis is the most frequent abdominal surgical emergency, but tuberculosis as the etiological agent makes this case special, due to its very low frequency of 0.1 to 0.6%. Its incidental finding guided us to seek other involved organs and begin specific treatment. This is the first case report in our region. Case report: a 33-year-old woman with a history of primary adrenal insufficiency being treated with fludrocortisone consulted due to right lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever and emesis, associated with leukocytosis with a left shift and a pathological urinalysis. A urinary tract infection was suspected, and antibiotic therapy was begun with no improvement. She was therefore seen by general surgery, who suspected acute abdomen arising from appendicitis. She underwent surgery with a subsequent histopathological study which suggested caseifying granulomatous inflammation compatible with tuberculosis, with ensuing proof of acid-fast bacilli using Ziehl Neelsen staining. Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has diverse clinical presentations. Therefore, when faced with atypical manifestations of this disease we should maintain a level of suspicion. Acute tuberculous appendicitis generally presents in the context of an immunosuppressed patient, and its etiological diagnosis is carried out after surgery. Therefore, it is essential to be vigilant and review the biopsy result and stains, which will allow specific treatments to be carried out.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Appendicitis , Tuberculosis , Abdomen, Acute
15.
Acta méd. colomb ; 46(1): 38-41, ene.-mar. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1278154

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: la apendicitis es la emergencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente, pero la tuberculosis como agente etiológico hace especial este caso, debido a su muy baja frecuencia entre 0.1 y 0.6%, su hallazgo incidental nos orienta a buscar otros órganos comprometidos y a iniciar tratamiento específico, este es el primer reporte de caso en nuestra región. Reporte de caso: mujer de 33 años, con antecedentes de insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, en tratamiento con fludrocortisona, quien consultó por presentar dolor en cuadrante inferior derecho abdominal, picos febriles y episodios eméticos, lo anterior asociado a biometría hemática con leucocitosis más desviación a la izquierda, uroanálisis patológico, se sospecha infección del tracto urinario, iniciando antibioticoterapia sin obtener mejoría, por lo que se evalúa por cirugía general que considera abdomen agudo de origen en apendicitis, realizando abordaje quirúrgico con posterior estudio histopatológico que sugiere inflamación granulomatosa caseificante compatible con tuberculosis, con la consecuente demostración de BAAR mediante tinción de Ziehl Neelsen. Conclusión: la tuberculosis extrapulmonar tiene presentaciones clínicas diversas, por lo tanto, debemos mantener sospecha ante manifestaciones atípicas de la patología, la apendicitis aguda tuberculosa, generalmente se da en el contexto de un paciente inmunosuprimido y su diagnóstico etiológico es realizado en el posoperatorio, por lo tanto, es indispensable vigilar y revisar el resultado de la biopsia y las tinciones que nos permitan realizar tratamientos específicos.


Abstract Introduction: appendicitis is the most frequent abdominal surgical emergency, but tuberculosis as the etiological agent makes this case special, due to its very low frequency of 0.1 to 0.6%. Its incidental finding guided us to seek other involved organs and begin specific treatment. This is the first case report in our region. Case report: a 33-year-old woman with a history of primary adrenal insufficiency being treated with fludrocortisone consulted due to right lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever and emesis, associated with leukocytosis with a left shift and a pathological urinalysis. A urinary tract infection was suspected, and antibiotic therapy was begun with no improvement. She was therefore seen by general surgery, who suspected acute abdomen arising from appendicitis. She underwent surgery with a subsequent histopathological study which suggested caseifying granulomatous inflammation compatible with tuberculosis, with ensuing proof of acid-fast bacilli using Ziehl Neelsen staining. Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has diverse clinical presentations. Therefore, when faced with atypical manifestations of this disease we should maintain a level of suspicion. Acute tuberculous appendicitis generally presents in the context of an immunosuppressed patient, and its etiological diagnosis is carried out after surgery. Therefore, it is essential to be vigilant and review the biopsy result and stains, which will allow specific treatments to be carried out.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Appendicitis , Tuberculosis , Pathology , Women , Abdomen, Acute
16.
Rev. inf. cient ; 99(5): 425-434, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1139204

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis extrapulmonar muestra una complejidad diagnóstica que influye sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar desde una perspectiva clínico-imagenológica a los pacientes diagnosticados con tuberculosis extrapulmonar, en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico de La Habana, en el período 2016-2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en 34 pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. Las variables medidas fueron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo para padecer la enfermedad, síntomas y signos clínicos, hallazgos radiológicos, métodos diagnósticos utilizados y su localización. Resultados: Predominaron pacientes del sexo masculino con edad entre 26 a 35 años (29,4 %). El 73,5 % de los pacientes presentó factores de riesgos para esta enfermedad, los más frecuentes fueron: ser contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis (29,4 %), los exreclusos (17,6 %) y los alcohólicos (14,7 %). El 58,8 % presentó fiebre y síntomas o signos generales como anorexia (44,1 %), pérdida de peso (41,2 %) y astenia (38,2 %). El hallazgo radiológico más común fue el derrame pleural (47 %) y la forma extrapulmonar más frecuente dada por 15 casos (44,1 %) fue la pleuritis tuberculosa. El método clínico-radiológico posibilitó el diagnóstico en el 50 % de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones clínicas más evidentes fueron la fiebre, la pérdida de peso y la astenia. El método diagnóstico clínico-radiológico es el más utilizado y el hallazgo radiológico más reportado es el derrame pleural. La localización pleural es la forma extrapulmonar más frecuente.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis shows a complexity that can influence in its morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To characterize the patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis from a clinical-imaging perspective in the Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico in Havana in the period 2016-2019. Method: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 34 patients with the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The variables taken into account were: age, gender, risk factors for the disease, symptoms and clinical signs, radiological findings, diagnosis methods used, and location. Results: Male patients with ages ranging between 26 to 35 years predominated in the study (29.4%). 73.5% of the patients presented risk factors of the disease, being most common: contact of previous tuberculosis patients (29.4%), ex-inmates (17.6%) and alcoholics (14.7%). 58.8% of the patients presented fever and general symptoms like anorexia (44.1%), weight loss (41.2%) and asthenia (38.2%). The most common radiological finding was pleural effusion (47%), and the most frequent extrapulomary form of the disease was tuberculous pleurisy (15 cases representing a 44.1%). The clinical-radiological method made diagnose possible in 50% of the patients. Conclusions: The most common clinical manifestations were fever, weight loss and asthenia. The clinical-radiological method is the most frequently used, and the most frequent radiological finding was the pleural effusion. Pleural location was the most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis, Pleural/diagnostic imaging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
17.
Rev. inf. cient ; 99(4): 386-397, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1139199

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El absceso frío tuberculoso es la forma clínica más frecuente de tuberculosis cutánea. Objetivo: Familiarizar a los médicos generales con las características clínicas del absceso tuberculoso frío para asegurar su diagnóstico y tratamiento específico en la consulta de Cirugía del Hospital General N'gola Kimbanda en Namibe, Angola en 2018. Método: Se revisó la literatura sobre el tema en bases de datos científicas como Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Clinical Key, LILACS con los descriptores: tuberculosis extrapulmonar y absceso frío tuberculoso. Resultados: Los pacientes, tres varones y dos hembras, tres adultos y dos infantes, todos desnutridos, con antecedentes de tuberculosis pulmonar y mal de Pott que fueron enviados a consulta con el diagnóstico de lipoma. En todos los casos se diagnosticó absceso frío tuberculoso, 3 de localización lumbar, 1 toracolumbar y 1 lumbosacra confirmados por microbiología y tratados según los protocolos de las especialidades de Cirugía y Neumología. Conclusiones: Es necesario que los estudiantes de Medicina, médicos generales y especialistas que en su desempeño enfrentan a dichos pacientes dentro y fuera de Cuba se empoderen de las características semiológicas del, también llamado, goma tuberculoso, a fin de identificarlo en los pacientes de riesgo y garantizar su tratamiento médico-quirúrgico específico para evitar la discapacidad y mortalidad asociada a esta temida infección que sigue constituyendo un azote social.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculous cold abscess is the most common clinical form of skin tuberculosis. Objective: To familiarize general physicians with the clinical characteristics of tuberculous cold abscesses to ensure their diagnosis and specific treatment at the Surgery Department of the N'gola Kimbanda General Hospital in Namibe, Angola in 2018. Method: Literature on the subject was reviewed in scientific databases such as Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Clinical Key and LILACS with the following descriptors: extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous cold abscess. Results: The patients, three males and two females, three adults and two infants, all of them malnourished, with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and Pott's Disease, who were sent for consultation with a diagnosis of lipoma. In all cases, tuberculous cold abscesses were diagnosed, 3 of them in lumbar location, 1 in thoracolumbar and 1 in lumbosacral locations, confirmed by microbiology and treated according to the protocols of the specialties of Surgery and Pneumology. Conclusions: It is necessary that students of Medicine, general physicians and specialists who face these patients inside and outside of Cuba to gain in knowledge with the semiological characteristics of the tuberculous cold abscess, also known as tuberculous gum, in order to identify it in the patients in risk groups, and to guarantee their specific medical-surgical treatment to avoid the disability and mortality associated to this infection that still constitutes a major issue.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/surgery , Abscess/surgery , Angola
18.
Medisan ; 24(1)ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1091161

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una infección bacteriana contagiosa, causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que afecta principalmente a los pulmones, pero puede propagarse a otros órganos. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con tuberculosis extrapulmonar en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de los 124 pacientes con tuberculosis extrapulmonar pertenecientes a la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2007 hasta diciembre de 2017, registrados a través de la tarjeta de notificación de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria. La información se procesó de forma computarizada, a través del paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 20.0. Se utilizaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino (75,8 %) y el grupo etario de 30-44 años (35,5 %); asimismo, la forma clínica de presentación más frecuente resultó ser la pleural y el municipio con más afectados fue Santiago de Cuba, pero el mayor riesgo de enfermar por tuberculosis extrapulmonar lo presentaron los habitantes del municipio de Mella. Por otra parte, el factor de riesgo que más incidió fue el hábito tabáquico. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas y epidemiológicas encontradas no difieren del contexto epidemiológico mundial. Se observó un desplazamiento hacia edades más tempranas y el VIH no se consideró un factor determinante en la aparición de la enfermedad; igualmente, la sospecha clínica y epidemiológica de esta afección continúa siendo un pilar importante para el diagnóstico de las formas extrapulmonares, especialmente en la población de riesgo.


Introduction: Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection, caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects mainly the lungs, but it can spread to other organs. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study of 124 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis belonging to Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from January, 2007 to December, 2017, registered through the notification card of diseases of obligatory declaration. The information was processed by computer, through the statistical package SPSS, version 20.0. The absolute and relative frequencies were used. Results: In the series the male sex (75.8%) and the 30-44 years age group (35.5%) prevailed; also, the most frequent clinical form of presentation was the pleural form and the municipality with more patients affected was Santiago de Cuba, but the higher risk of becoming sick due to extrapulmonary tuberculosis was in the municipality of Mella. On the other hand, nicotine addiction was the risk factor of more incidence. Conclusions: The clinical and epidemiological characteristics found don not differ from the world epidemiological context. A displacement toward earlier ages was observed and HIV was not considered a determining factor in the emergence of the disease; likewise, the clinical and epidemiological suspicion of this disorder continues being an important pillar for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary forms, especially in the risk population.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pleural/epidemiology , Secondary Care , Disease Notification
19.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-194599

ABSTRACT

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has posed a constant challenge to mankind in its treatment due to increasing resistance and longer duration of treatment. The newer approach is to look towards strengthening host immune system along with suppressing the organism. Aim of the study was to assess the existence of Vitamin D deficiency in TB patients and aid in the strategies and development of newer improvised approaches in the treatment of TB. Objectives of the study was to estimate vitamin D levels in Tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) patients, assess Correlation between vitamin D and pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess correlation between Vitamin D and extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study consisted of 80 tuberculosis patients both extrapulmonary and pulmonary. Blood samples was analysed for Vitamin D levels and results were compared with age and sex matched controls. Results was analysed using SPSS software.Results: The cases included patient in the age group of 18-60 year with the mean age being 42.34�.65 year. Of the 80 tuberculosis patients 42 were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and 38 constituted extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The mean Vitamin D in cases was 24.82�.33 and controls was 34.41�19. Among the cases 25 (31.3%) subjects had Vitamin D levels <20 pg/ml and none of the controls had levels <20 pg/ml. The mean Vitamin D level in pulmonary Tb patients was found to be 24.29�.86 pg/ml and Extra-pulmonary Tb was 25.40�.96 pg/ml. The unpaired t-test was statistically significant with p value of 0.005.Conclusions: This study has emphasized on the presence of nutritional deficiency in TB patients and necessity to correct them to achieve a better cure rate.

20.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-194526

ABSTRACT

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest opportunistic infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients in India and HIV/TB co-infection poses a major public health challenge in developing countries. It is estimated that 60-70% of HIV positive patients will develop tuberculosis in their lifetime. The aim of the present study is to record the clinical, radiological profile of pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) in HIV positive patients.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the department of Pulmonary medicine, Kempegowda institute of medical sciences. All newly diagnosed HIV patients during the study period were included and screened for tuberculosis irrespective of whether they had signs and symptoms.Results: Among 44(15.94%) patients among 276 HIV positive patients were diagnosed to have tuberculosis. Males (72.72%) were affected more than females (27.27%). Most common affected age group was 31-40 years with a mean age of 38.08 years. Unprotected heterosexual contact was the most common mode of HIV transmission. Fever, weight loss and cough were the commonest symptoms at presentation. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 10(22.7%) patients, EPTB in 30(68.3%) and disseminated TB in 4(9%) patients. All the pulmonary TB patients had CD4 count below 250, EPTB below 150 and disseminated TB patients below 50.6(13.63%) patients had pleural effusion, 5(11.36%) had abdominal TB, 5(11.36%) had tubercular meningitis, 4(9%) had intra thoracic lymphadenopathy and one (2.27%) patient had pericardial effusion. Low CD4 count (<150) had statically significant association with HIV/TB co-infection.Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV-TB co-infection was high. Moreover, HIV positive patients need early diagnosis and treatment of active TB. The study has shown clear correlation between clinical data and the laboratory parameter of immunodeficiency (CD4 count) and the temporal development of TB.

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